Psychoactive drugs
a. AlcoholIs one of the Psychoactive drugs substances frequently used by humans. Alcohol is particularly influential on the body as a depressant and slows down brain activity. Obtained from the fermentation of honey, sugar, fruit and tubers. Alcohol obtained from the fermentation process at levels of no more than 15%, with the distillation process in the factory can produce a higher alcohol content even reach 100%.b. Barbiturates (barbiturates)Is a depressant drug that reduces the activity of the central nervous system. Barbitura previously a prescription to aid sleep. In high doses, can cause damage barbitura memory and decision making. When combined with alcohol (eg sleeping pills taken after drinking heavily), barbituratdapat deadly. This is why barbiturates are the most used drug in suicide attempts. Sudden discontinuation of their use can lead to convulsions.Such as: Nembuta and Seconalc. Sedative (tranquilizers)Is a depressant drug that reduces anxiety and causes relaxation. Tranquilizers usually prescribed to calm anxious and nervous individual. Tranquilizers prescribed widespread in the United States. These drugs can produce symptoms of self-gejalamenarik when use is stopped.Such as Valium and Xanaxd. OpiatesIs a drug that memangaruhi synapses in the brain that uses endorphins as neurotransmiternya. When these drugs have flowed out of the brain, synapses are affected became less aroused. For several hours after taking opiates, users will feel happy and free from pain and increase appetite and sex. Opiate addiction and cessation makes its painful when drug use is not available.2. Type Stimulants (Upper) .........................................................Is the effect of a drug that can lead to the body organs like the heart and brain faster than normal, resulting in its more powerful and tends to make it more happy and excited for a while. Which belonged to stimulants, namely:a. CaffeineMore popular caffeine or caffeine, xanthine alkaloid compound is crystalline and bitter taste that works as a psychoactive stimulant drug and a mild diuretic.Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant drug in humans and may expel drowsiness temporarily. Drinks that contain caffeine, such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks, are very popular. Caffeine is a psychoactive substance most widely consumed in the world. Unlike other psychoactive substances, caffeine legal and not regulated by law in most jurisdictions around the world.b. NicotineNicotine is an addictive substance that occurs naturally in tobacco. Nicotine is the active ingredient in tobacco smoke. Nicotine It has a pungent smell and sharp taste anyway.Nicotine is defined as a substance that is poisonous, oily, pale yellow that turns brown upon exposure to air. In concentrated form, these chemicals are used as a powerful insecticide.c. Amphetamines
The shape is there in the form of powder white and gray, used by inhalation. While the tablet form is usually taken with water. There are two types of amphetamine:- MDMA (methylene dioxy methamphetamine), known as Ecstasy or Ecstacy. Consists of various types, among others: doft white, pink heart, snow white, lightning packaged in pill or capsule form- Methamphetamine ice, known as SHABU. How to use: burnt with paper aluminum foil and the smoke inhaled, or burned by using a specially designed glass bottles (bong).d. CocaineCocaine has two forms: cocaine hydrochloride and free base. Pitih crystal form of cocaine. Taste slightly bitter and are more soluble than free base. Free base colorless / white, odorless and bitter taste. Usually in the form of a white powder. .................................... ..How to use: by dividing a pile of cocaine into several parts lined up straight above the surface of the glass or objects that have a flat surface then inhaled by using a vacuum suction deperti. Or by burning tobacco together are often called cocopuff. There also is through a process of becoming solid form for inhaled smoke is popularly called freebasing. Use of inhaled manner would risk injury to the surrounding dry and the inside of the nostrils. The effects of cocaine use these flavors make the wearer feel fresh, loss of appetite, increase confidence, also can relieve pain and fatigue. ...........................................3. Type HallucinogensIs a type of drug that can cause hallucinogenic effects that are changing feelings and thoughts and often create different vision so that all feelings can be disrupted. This class is not used in medical therapy. Which belonged to hallucinogens, namely:a. Otherwise known as Marijuana cannabis in its herbal formis a psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis sativa. Humans have been consuming cannabis since prehistory, although in the 20th century there was an increase in its use for recreational purposes, religious or spiritual, as well as medicine. It is estimated that about four percent of the adult population in the world use cannabis annually. Marijuana has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed, usually by smoking or direct consumption. Drunk as a result of the consumption of cannabis is colloquially known as "high", which is a condition in which mental and physical noticeably changed due to the consumption of cannabis. Each user has a different experience influenced by several factors such as potency, dosage, chemical composition, method of consumption and so on.b. LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) ..............................................Included in the group of hallucinogens, the shape of which can be obtained as a small box-sized paper by a quarter of stamps in many colors and images, there is also a form of pills, capsules. How to use it by putting LSD on the surface of the tongue and react after 30-60 minutes of use and disappears after 8-12 hours. This flavor effect could be called tripping. Which could be described as hallucinations to place. Color and time. The hallucinations are usually combined into one. Until the resulting obsession with hallucinations he felt and the desire to float in it, be very beautiful or even creepy and eventually make paranoid.Clinical symptoms of Psychoactive Drugs Abuse1. Physical Changes ........................................................................ ..Physical symptoms that occur depending on the type of substance used, but in general can be classified as follows:a. When using Psychoactive DrugsStagger, loss of speech (slurred), apathy (indifferent), sleepy, aggressive, suspiciousb. If excess dose (overdose)Shortness of breath, a slow heartbeat and pulse, cold clammy skin, breath slow / stop, died.c. When you're addicted (withdrawal / sakau)Eyes and runny nose, yawning continuously, diarrhea, pain throughout the body, fear of water so lazy bath, seizures, decreased consciousness.d. Long-term effectsLooks unhealthy, do not care about the health and hygiene, untreated tooth and kropos, to the injection in the arm or other body part (the user with syringes)2. Changes in Attitudes and Behaviora. Decreased learning achievementoften no homework, often truant, slacker, less responsible.b. Changing sleep patternsstaying up late, difficult to wake morning, sleepy in class or working tampat.c. Berpegian often until late at nightsometimes not come home without telling firstd. Often shut himselflinger in the bathroom, avoid meeting with other family members at homee. Often the arrival of a strangerOften get calls and visited by people unknown to the family, then disappearedf. Often lieask a lot of money for various reasons but indistinct use, take valuables and selling private property or family property, stealing, mengomengompas involved violence or dealing with police.g. Often be emotionalirritable, angry, rude hostile, suspicious, closed and secretiveSymptoms Target (Target Symptoms) In the Treatment of Mental Disorders
There are several symptoms subjected to some disruption to the soul, namely:1. Depression Disorders .....................................................................The target symptoms such as: symptom neurovegetatif, etc. psychomotor symptoms.2. Disorders Mania .....................................................................The target symptoms such as: high psychomotor activity, lack of sleep etc.3. Disorders Psychosis .....................................................................The target symptoms of which are associated with symptoms or symptoms of arousal, affective, psychomotor activity etc.4. Anxiety Disorders ........................................................................Symptoms and syndromes target is the subjective experience characterized by anxiety or fear etc.Usage levels of Psychoactive DrugsThere are several levels of addictive consumption, namely:1. The use of trial and error (experimental use)Aiming just want to try satisfy curiosity. Most users stop using it and others continue.2. The use of social (social use)Which aims only to have fun (when recreational or casual). Some users remain at this stage, but some increases to the next stage.3. The use of situational (situational use)Usage at times of particular circumstances (tension, sadness, disappointment) with the intention of eliminating those feelings.4. Abuse (abuse)The use as a pattern of use that is pathological or clinical (deviant), at least one month old, and there has been a disruption in social or work function.5. Dependence (defendence)There has been a tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, if substance use is stopped or reduced or no added dose.
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Psychoactive drugs
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